Jurnal Elektro dan Mesin Terapan
type: channel
description: Jurnal ELEMENTER (Elektro dan Mesin Terapan) Scope : Elektro dan Mesin Terapan Language : Indonesian & English Frekuensi : 2 Time 1 Year (Mei & November) e-ISSN : 2460-5263 p-ISSN : 2443-4167 OAI : OAI Jurnal Elektro dan Mesin Terapan DOI Prefix : 10.35143/elementer Publisher : Politeknik Caltex Riau Office : Jl. Umban Sari No.1, Rumbai, Pekanbaru Email : elementer@pcr.ac.id This journal published scientific paper that covers Electrical Engineering, Machine Engineering, and Mechatronics Engineering fields. slot gacor slot88 slot online DVTOTO Apk slot gacor presidenslot https://linklist.bio/wangi4d slot gacor gampang menang agen bola rusuntogel Slot Online slot slot88 slot gacor situs slot gacor slot88 situs slot gacor https://sippdb-tanjungpinang.com/ toto slot slot toto togel toto slot
publisher: Politeknik Caltex Riau
language: en
publication name: Jurnal Elektro dan Mesin Terapan
issn: 2443-4167
copyright: Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: a. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. b. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal. c. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
items: Perancangan dan Pengujian Turbin Angin Savonius Skala Kecil pada Kondisi Angin Rendah
items: Pengaruh Posisi Roda terhadap Laju Keausan Blok Rem Komposit Pada Lokomotif Kereta Api CC205
items: Studi Kelayakan Perbandingan PLTS Rooftop 15kWp dan 20kWp di Gereja Katolik Paroki St. Konrad Martubung Menggunakan Software PVSyst
items: Voltage Flicker Analysis due to the Starting of 250 kW Three-Phase Induction Motor at the Karah Pump House, Surabaya
items: Analisis Sebaran Badspot Jaringan 4G LTE berbasis Drive test Studi Kasus: Daerah Rural Kota Pekanbaru
items: Sistem Smart Sorting Trash Box Berbasis Mikrokontroler Sebagai Smart Environment
items: Structural Optimization of H-Type Press Table Design Parameters Using Taguchi Method and Finite Element Analysis
items: Structured Review of Electromagnetic Emission Measurement Methodologies for EMC Verification of UAV Avionics Systems
items: Numerical Study of the Effect of Grid Number and Viscous Model on Fin and Tube Heat Exchanger Performance
items: Development of a Multisensor-Based Lightning Strike Zone Detection Device
items: Evaluasi Kinerja Mesin Diesel B30 Dengan Nano Aditif Hexagonal Boron Nitrida (hBN) Hasil Eksfoliasi
items: Design of a WiFi-Based Motorcycle Theft and Tracking Device Using Nodemcu Esp8266
items: Design and Development of a Monitoring and Protection System for Under-Speed and Over-Speed Conditions in a Three-Phase Induction Motor Based on a Microcontroller
items: Energy Resilience in Remote Areas: A Techno-Economic Study of Off-Grid Solar Power Systems under Highland Microclimate Conditions
items: Pengembangan Desain Heavy-Duty Conveyor untuk Pengangkutan Pasir Resin Furan ke Mesin Penghancur dengan Pendekatan Metode Ulrich
items: A Design and Implementation of an IoT-Based Heavy Equipment Engine Overheating Prevention System Using LoRa Communication for Remote Monitoring and Cooling Control
items: Analisis Kinerja Motor Circulating Water Pump Unit 6 PT. PLN Indonesia Power UBP Suralaya Menggunakan Pendekatan Deskriptif Kuantitatif Berbasis Standar IEEE dan IEC
items: Design and Implementation of a LoRa Repeater Based on the Ebyte E220-400T22D Module to Extend Communication Range
items: A LoRa-Based Location Tracking System for Hikers Using an Offline Android Application
items: EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF BLADE VARIATIONS OF 2, 4, AND 6 L-TYPE SAVONIUS WIND TURBINES ON ROTATIONAL SPEED AND TORQUE AT LOW WIND SPEEDS
items: Optimizing Ignition Timing for Gasoline Engines: A Study on Performance and Emissions
items: Alat Pendeteksi Kematangan Buah Jeruk Berastagi dan Wokan Berdasarkan Tingkat Keasamaan Buah Menggunakan Sensor Spektral AS7263 dan Mikrokontroler ESP 32
items: Pengukuran Sinyal dari Sensor Accelerometer dan Gyroscope untuk Menentukan Gerak Jatuh pada Lansia Menggunakan Metode Ambang Batas (Threshold)
items: Implementasi LoRa sebagai Media Komunikasi Data Tinggi Air pada Lahan Gambut
items: Experimental Study of Performance and Emissions of a 4-Stroke Engine with a Capacity of 110cc
items: Cataract Disease Detection in Human Eye Image Using ResNet-50 Method
items: Analysis of the Effectiveness of Fluidized Bed Dryer in Black Tea Processing Using the OEE Approach
items: Analisis Frekuensi Domain Pada Sinyal EEG Terhadap Stimulus Gambar Kemasan Produk: Studi Neuromarketing dalam Kemasan Produk
items: Rancang Bangun Penerjemah BISINDO Real-time Berbasis Kamera dan Deep Learning dengan Kendali Suara ESP32 WiFi
items: Rancang Bangun Purwarupa Plant Traffic Light Berdasarkan Kecepatan Pada Model Kendaraan Roda Empat Menggunakan Sistem Algoritma Logika Fuzzy

Perancangan dan Pengujian Turbin Angin Savonius Skala Kecil pada Kondisi Angin Rendah
type: item
description: Energi angin merupakan salah satu sumber energi terbarukan yang memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai pembangkit listrik alternatif. Namun, wilayah dengan kecepatan angin rendah masih jarang dimanfaatkan karena sebagian besar turbin angin membutuhkan kecepatan awal di atas 3 m/s untuk dapat bekerja secara optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan menguji turbin angin Savonius skala kecil pada kondisi kecepatan angin rendah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan tahapan pengukuran kecepatan angin; perancangan turbin; pembuatan turbin; dan pengujian performa sistem. Turbin dirancang menggunakan empat bilah berbahan pipa PVC dengan konfigurasi turbin sumbu vertikal (Vertical Axis Wind Turbine/VAWT) yang dihubungkan dengan generator DC 24 volt 30 watt. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran, kecepatan angin pada lokasi penelitian berkisar antara 1 m/s hingga 3,5 m/s sehingga dipilih turbin Savonius yang sesuai untuk kondisi angin rendah. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa turbin mampu beroperasi pada kecepatan angin rendah dan menghasilkan tegangan listrik minimum sebesar 2,48 volt serta tegangan maksimum sebesar 7,59 volt. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa turbin Savonius memiliki kemampuan self-starting yang baik dan berpotensi digunakan sebagai pembangkit listrik alternatif skala kecil di wilayah perkotaan dengan kecepatan angin rendah.
subject: Article
  topic: section
creator: Adi Nugraha
creator: Fajar Ramadhan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Adi Nugraha, Fajar Ramadhan (Author) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 42
ending page: 48
doi: 10.35143/elementer.v12i1.7054

Pengaruh Posisi Roda terhadap Laju Keausan Blok Rem Komposit Pada Lokomotif Kereta Api CC205
type: item
description: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis laju keausan blok rem komposit yang terdapat pada lokomotif CC 205. Material Komposit sudah banyak digunakan sebagai blok rem, hal ini dikarenakan blok rem komposit memiliki ketahanan aus yang baik dibandingkan material besi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode pengukuran dimensi dan massa pada 12 spesimen kampas rem dibagian kanan 6 set dan dibagian kiri 6 set yang digunakan selama 3 bulan dengan 30 kali perjalanan. Data yang didapat meliputi waktu pengereman rata-rata 5,6 detik dengan 78 kali pengereman per perjalanan. Laju keausan dihitung menggunakan persamaan specific wear rate (kehilangan massa per satuan luas penampang per satuan waktu pengereman) berdasarkan selisih massa awal dan akhir, luas penampang, dan waktu total pengereman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan variasi laju keausan yang bernilai diantara 1,08 x 10-7 gr/mm2.detik hingga 6,71 10-7 gr/mm2.detik. Laju keausan terbesar berada di spesimen 2B kanan, 2B kiri dan 4D kanan, sedangkan laju keausan terendah pada spesimen 1A kanan dan kiri. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keausan diantaranya pengereman mendadak, aliran udara yang terhambat, tekanan yang tidak stabil, pemasangan blok rem yang tidak seragam, serta tingkat kekasaran permukaan roda. Ketebalan sisa kampas rem bervariasi antara 18-41 mm dari ketebalan awal 50 mm. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan menjadi dasar rekomendasi material rem yang optimal serta jadwal pemeliharaan yang lebih efisien dan aman.
subject: Article
  topic: section
creator: An-Nisa Magnolia
creator: Jamiatul Akmal
creator: Novri Tanti
creator: Nurcahya Nugraha
creator: Syaipudin Anwar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 An-Nisa Magnolia (Author); jamiatul akmal, novri tanti, nurcahya nugraha, Syaipudin Anwar http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 49
ending page: 55
doi: 10.35143/elementer.v12i1.6910

Studi Kelayakan Perbandingan PLTS Rooftop 15kWp dan 20kWp di Gereja Katolik Paroki St. Konrad Martubung Menggunakan Software PVSyst
type: item
description: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kelayakan pembangunan PLTS rooftop sebagai sumber energi alternatif di Gereja Katolik Paroki St. Konrad Martubung dengan luaran akhir berupa rekomendasi sistem PLTS rooftop yang dinyatakan layak baik dari sisi teknis maupun ekonomi untuk direalisasikan pada bangunan Gereja Katolik St. Konrad Martubung. Studi dilakukan dengan mempertimbangkan potensi radiasi matahari, kebutuhan energi listrik gereja, Kapasitas sistem yang dapat dipasang, serta estimasi biaya investasi. Analisis kelayakan dilakukan dengan menggunakan software PVSyst. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa iklim di lokasi penelitian memungkinkan pemasangan PLTS dengan kapasitas optimal 15–20 kWp. Penelitian ini memberikan data perbandingan antara sistem berkapasitas 15kWp dan 20kWp. hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa kedua sistem dinyatakan layak dari sisi teknis dan ekonomi dengan performa ratio 0,77, dan NPV bernilai positif serta nilai LCOE yang jauh lebih kecil dari tarif dasar listrik (Rp 585/kWh).
subject: Article
  topic: section
creator: Charla Tri Selda Manik
creator: Elferida Hutajulu
creator: Morlan Pardede
creator: Mutiara Widasari Sitopu
creator: Muhammad Sukri Habibi Daulay
creator: Ummu Handasah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Charla Tri Selda Manik (Author); Elferida Hutajulu, Morlan Pardede, Mutiara Widasari Sitopu, Muhammad Sukri Habibi Daulay, Ummu Handasah http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 56
ending page: 62
doi: 10.35143/elementer.v12i1.7022

Voltage Flicker Analysis due to the Starting of 250 kW Three-Phase Induction Motor at the Karah Pump House, Surabaya
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the causes of voltage flicker during the starting process of a three-phase induction motor at the Karah Pump House in Surabaya. The use of high power induction motors is essential for supporting flood control systems; however, conventional starting methods such as Direct On Line (DOL) and Star-Delta can generate high inrush currents that negatively affect power quality. The research evaluates starting current characteristics, distribution system impedance, and the resulting voltage flicker based on IEC standards. The analysis shows that the DOL method produces greater voltage drop and voltage flicker compared to the Star Delta method. Although the Star-Delta method is able to reduce voltage disturbances, both methods still have the potential to exceed standard flicker limits if the distribution system is not equipped with adequate mitigation devices. Therefore, proper starting current control is an important factor in maintaining power quality and ensuring the stability of the pump house distribution system.
subject: Article
  topic: section
creator: Reza Sarwo Widagdo
creator: Puji Slamet
creator: Imam Suri Tauladan
creator: Lutfi Agung Swarga
creator: Bima Gilang Pratama
creator: Izzah Aula Wardah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Reza Sarwo Widagdo, Puji Slamet, Imam Suri Tauladan, Lutfi Agung Swarga, Bima Gilang Pratama, Izzah Aula Wardah (Author) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 31
ending page: 41
doi: 10.35143/elementer.v12i1.7024

Analisis Sebaran Badspot Jaringan 4G LTE berbasis Drive test Studi Kasus: Daerah Rural Kota Pekanbaru
type: item
description: Operator X merupakan salah satu penyedia layanan telekomunikasi terbesar di Pekanbaru yang telah mengembangkan jaringan 4G secara luas. Namun, performa jaringan di wilayah rural masih menghadapi berbagai tantangan, seperti keterbatasan infrastruktur, kondisi topografi yang kompleks, serta fluktuasi kepadatan pengguna. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja jaringan 4G Operator X di wilayah rural Kota Pekanbaru melalui pengukuran berbasis drive test menggunakan perangkat lunak berstandar industri. Fokus utama penelitian adalah identifikasi area dengan kualitas sinyal rendah (badspot), yang berpotensi menurunkan kualitas layanan. Pengukuran dilakukan pada 5 wilayah rural yang tersebar di tiga kecamatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar area yang diuji memiliki badspot, dengan temuan terbanyak berada di Jalan Abdul Rahman Hamid, Kecamatan Tenayan Raya, di mana 57,95% termasuk kategori RSRP sangat buruk serta teridentifikasi area blankspot. Faktor utama penyebab buruknya kualitas sinyal adalah arah pancaran antena sektoral yang tidak optimal terhadap area layanan serta keberadaan hambatan fisik berupa vegetasi tinggi dan lebat. Temuan ini menunjukkan pentingnya optimalisasi desain jaringan untuk meningkatkan kualitas layanan di wilayah rural.
subject: Article
  topic: section
creator: Yuli Triyani
creator: Juan Fernando Arya Kusuma Gultom
creator: Noptin Harpawi
creator: Wiwin Styorini
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Yuli Triyani, Juan Fernando Arya Kusuma Gultom, Noptin Harpawi, Wiwin Styorini http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 20
ending page: 30
doi: 10.35143/elementer.v12i1.6971

Sistem Smart Sorting Trash Box Berbasis Mikrokontroler Sebagai Smart Environment
type: item
description: Meningkatnya volume sampah rumah tangga dan kurangnya kesadaran masyarakat dalam memilah sampah secara mandiri menjadi kendala utama dalam manajemen limbah perkotaan. Pemilahan sampah yang tidak efisien menghambat proses daur ulang dan berdampak buruk pada ekosistem. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan mengimplementasikan Smart Sorting Trash Box, sebuah purwarupa tempat sampah pintar berbasis mikrokontroler yang mampu memilah sampah secara otomatis berdasarkan jenisnya (Logam dan No-Logam). Pengembangan sistem ini dilakukan melalui pendekatan Research and Development dengan model Waterfall yang mengintegrasikan mikrokontroler ESP32, sensor induktif, sensor kapasitif, serta mekanisme motor servo. Berdasarkan pengujian terhadap berbagai sampel seperti kaleng, paku, plastik, dan kertas, sistem menunjukkan performa teknis yang konsisten dengan tingkat akurasi tinggi melalui respons sensor aktif pada rentang jarak 0,5–10 mm. Keberhasilan prototipe dalam memisahkan limbah secara presisi di sumbernya mengonfirmasi kesiapan teknologi ini untuk memperkuat ekosistem lingkungan cerdas. Optimalisasi jangka panjang dapat diarahkan pada perluasan jangkauan deteksi sensor serta penguatan akurasi pemindaian terhadap material dengan dimensi dan ketebalan yang lebih variatif guna meningkatkan nilai guna sistem di masyarakat.
subject: Article
  topic: section
creator: Nurhafni Carol
creator: Ayu Fitriani
creator: Indah Vusvita Sari
creator: Nur Adilah
creator: Lukcy T Simanjuntak
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Nurhafni Carol, Ayu Fitriani, Indah Vusvita Sari, Nur Adilah, Lukcy T Simanjuntak (Author) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 13
ending page: 19
doi: 10.35143/elementer.v12i1.6955

Structural Optimization of H-Type Press Table Design Parameters Using Taguchi Method and Finite Element Analysis
type: item
description: This study aims to analyse the influence of load variation, material type, and thickness on the Von Mises stress values of an H-type press table using Design of Experiments (DOE) based simulation approach. This study was conducted to determine the maximum strength of the press machine table design as an effort to prevent structural failure during the operation of the press machine. The “Smaller is Better” signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio criterion was applied to obtain the minimum stress value under loading conditions. Lower stress values indicate a safer load distribution, which can improve the safety factor of the H-type press machine table design. In this study, three load levels were used: 10, 20, and 30 tonnes; three material types: Mild Steel, High-Strength Steel, and Alloy Steel; and three variations in press table thickness: 30, 40, and 50 mm. The simulation results show that as the applied load increases, the Von Mises stress also increases. Changes in the thickness of the press table have the greatest influence on stability or response variation, while the material type has a relatively small influence compared to the other factors. Changes in thickness affect the Von Mises stress value depending on the material type, and vice versa. This indicates that the three parameters interact, meaning a change in one factor can produce different results depending on other conditions. The highest average stress value was obtained on the press table at 104.45 MPa for the combination of High-Strength Steel with a thickness of 30 mm and a load of 30 tonnes, while the lowest stress value of 21.97 MPa was obtained for Alloy Steel with a thickness of 50 mm and a load of 10 tonnes.
subject: Article
  topic: section
creator: Eko wahyu Saputra
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Eko wahyu Saputra (Author) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 97
ending page: 107
doi: 10.35143/elementer.v12i1.6945

Structured Review of Electromagnetic Emission Measurement Methodologies for EMC Verification of UAV Avionics Systems
type: item
description: Electromagnetic emissions in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) avionics are increasingly critical because power, flight control, navigation, communication, and payload subsystems are integrated within compact compartments and dense wiring harnesses, increasing internal electromagnetic interference risk. This study aims to synthesize measurement methodologies for UAV electromagnetic emissions and compare their facilities, observed parameters, and applicable standards. A qualitative structured literature review was conducted on 10 core studies selected from IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, MDPI, and Scopus using relevance, recency, technical comparability, and standards-based criteria. The review identifies four recurring methodological clusters: chamber based radiated emission testing, conducted-path and cable-coupling analysis, receiver and sensor performance-based assessment, and simulation with near field pre-compliance evaluation. The findings show that cable routing, grounding-bonding quality, shielding-filtering practice, test distance, and polarization strongly influence emission levels, operational degradation, and pass/fail outcomes. The review concludes that the most robust strategy is a staged workflow from simulation and pre-compliance screening to controlled verification and installation-level mitigation validation, enabling a more efficient EMC path with lower redesign and certification risk.
subject: Article
  topic: section
creator: Lalu Aan Sasaka Akbar
creator: Romie Oktovianus Bura
creator: Dwi Mandaris
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Lalu Aan Sasaka Akbar, Romie Oktovianus Bura, Dwi Mandaris (Author) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 89
ending page: 96
doi: 10.35143/elementer.v12i1.6925

Numerical Study of the Effect of Grid Number and Viscous Model on Fin and Tube Heat Exchanger Performance
type: item
description: The fin and tube heat exchanger (FTHE) has attracted attention among technicians and researchers because of its performance. This research was conducted to determine the effect of variations in the number of grids and viscous models on FTHE on its thermal performance using the Fluent application in the Computational Fluid Dynamics computer program, which was varied against the number of grids and viscous models in various variations of fluid flow speed with a constant heat flux of 100 W. The best results of this research were obtained with the variation of the longitudinal pitch ratio of 14.5 mm with a heat transfer coefficient value of 97.24 W/m2K, while the ratio of the transverse pitch direction of 11.7 mm with a heat transfer coefficient value of 107.82 W/m2K. The best results of this research were obtained at variations in the number of grids of 358456 in variations of the viscous k-w Standard model with an average FTHE temperature value of 21.35 oC and a maximum heat transfer coefficient value of 101.74 W/m2K. These results confirm that the variation of the number of grids of 358456 in the variation of the viscous k-w Standard model allows the numerical study model to be recommended and used for practical applications on machine devices, and can be applied directly in the field. Keywords: Fin and Tube Heat Exchanger (FTHE), Longitudinal Pitch, Transversal Pitch, Performa.
subject: Article
  topic: section
creator: MUHAMAD SAFI'I
creator: NAZARUDDIN SINAGA
creator: EFLITA YOHANA
creator: YAFID EFFENDI
creator: AKHMAD IRFAN
creator: SUHERI SUHERI
creator: ROUF MUHAMMAD
creator: AGUNG NUGROHO
creator: CANDRA WAHYU SPORTYAWAN
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 MUHAMAD SAFI'I, NAZARUDDIN SINAGA, EFLITA YOHANA, YAFID EFFENDI, AKHMAD IRFAN, SUHERI SUHERI, ROUF MUHAMMAD, AGUNG NUGROHO, CANDRA WAHYU SPORTYAWAN (Author) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 108
ending page: 119
doi: 10.35143/elementer.v12i1.6917

Development of a Multisensor-Based Lightning Strike Zone Detection Device
type: item
description: This study aims to develop a multisensor-based lightning strike zone detection device as an early warning system capable of identifying the risk level of lightning strikes in open areas in real time. The development specifically focuses on applying the Rolling Sphere Method to determine the boundaries between safe and hazardous zones based on open-space analysis. The sphere radius used in this method is processed into risk-zone calculation parameters, which are then implemented in a microcontroller system integrated with multisensors to monitor the user’s position and movement. The resulting zone mapping is visualized in the form of an ellipse illustrating a 50% lightning-strike probability within the safe area. The system provides automatic notifications through a smartphone when the user enters a hazardous zone (red zone), prompting immediate mitigation actions. Experimental results show that the device can accurately detect user movement and map risk zones with high precision. Thus, the proposed prototype has strong potential as an effective safety tool for reducing the risk of lightning-related injuries in open environments
subject: Article
  topic: section
creator: Adi Nugraha
creator: Romi Wiryadinata
creator: Felycia
creator: Muhammad Ilham Daifullah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Adi Nugraha, Romi Wiryadinata, Felycia, Muhammad Ilham Daifullah (Author) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 176
ending page: 183
doi: 10.35143/elementer.v11i2.6799

Evaluasi Kinerja Mesin Diesel B30 Dengan Nano Aditif Hexagonal Boron Nitrida (hBN) Hasil Eksfoliasi
type: item
description: Gesekan internal pada mesin pembakaran dalam berkontribusi besar terhadap kehilangan energi dan peningkatan konsumsi bahan bakar. Untuk meningkatkan efisiensi energi dan mendukung pemanfaatan biodiesel B30, penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh penambahan nanopartikel Hexagonal Boron Nitride (hBN) hasil eksfoliasi sebesar 0,5% massa sebagai aditif pelumas. Pengujian dilakukan pada mesin diesel satu silinder menggunakan Durability Test selama 200 jam mengikuti siklus Engine Manufacturers Association (EMA), dengan perbandingan pelumas tanpa aditif (hBN 0%) dan pelumas dengan aditif (hBN 0,5%). Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan hBN meningkatkan performa termomekanis mesin, ditunjukkan oleh kenaikan rata-rata daya sebesar 1,56% dan peningkatan torsi maksimum sebesar 3,6%. Temuan utama penelitian ini adalah penurunan rata-rata Specific Fuel Oil Consumption (SFOC) sebesar 6,36% pada kondisi rated power. Perbedaan kinerja tersebut terkonfirmasi signifikan secara statistik (p < 0,05), dengan deviasi data yang berada dalam batas pengulangan pengujian. Peningkatan efisiensi ini dikaitkan dengan mekanisme pelumasan rolling nano dari partikel hBN yang efektif menurunkan gesekan internal. Secara keseluruhan, hasil penelitian menegaskan bahwa aditif hBN berpotensi meningkatkan efisiensi bahan bakar dan mendukung keberlanjutan operasional mesin diesel berbahan bakar biodiesel B30.
subject: Article
  topic: section
creator: M Faizur Rijal Azhad
creator: Parman
creator: Friska Intan Sukarno
creator: Rahmat Basya Shahrys Tsany
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 M Faizur Rijal Azhad; Parman (Author); Friska Intan Sukarno, Rahmat Basya Shahrys Tsany http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 63
ending page: 74
doi: 10.35143/elementer.v12i1.6824

Design of a WiFi-Based Motorcycle Theft and Tracking Device Using Nodemcu Esp8266
type: item
description: Motorcycle theft is a common criminal act in society. Therefore, a vehicle security system is needed that can provide a fast response and real-time location information. This research aims to design and implement a theft detection and tracking system for motorcycles based on the WIFI using NodeMcu ESP8266, SW- 420 vibration sensor, and GPS NEO-6M module, integrated with a web server interface for remote control and monitoring. The research uses hardware and software engineering methods, with a Waterfall approach. The research stages include literature studies, problem identification, system design, tool assembly, software development, system testing, and evaluation. The components used include ESP8266, SW-420 vibration sensor, NEO-6M GPS, and relay module. The system is designed so that when vibration is detected, an alarm is activated and a notification is sent via email. GPS will send the vehicle coordinates to the Web Server to be monitored by the user. Test results show that the system can respond to vibration disturbances within an average of 1 second, control the engine and starter relays within 1–3 seconds, and track the vehicle's location with an average accuracy of 8.33 meters and a tracking delay of approximately 50 seconds. The system was successfully accessed via smartphone hotspot with a maximum effective range of 15 meters. Therefore, this system is proven to be an effective, practical, and affordable IoT- based solution for motorcycle security that can be easily accessed by users through mobile devices.
subject: Article
  topic: section
creator: Nasrudin Nasrudin
creator: Endi Permata
creator: Didik Aribowo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Nasrudin Nasrudin, Endi Permata, Didik Aribowo (Author) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 152
ending page: 164
doi: 10.35143/elementer.v11i2.6810

Design and Development of a Monitoring and Protection System for Under-Speed and Over-Speed Conditions in a Three-Phase Induction Motor Based on a Microcontroller
type: item
description: Three-phase induction motors are widely used in industrial applications due to their simple construction, high reliability, and relatively low maintenance cost. However, motor rotational speed is strongly dependent on the supply frequency, making the drive susceptible to speed deviations outside the allowable range. Both under-speed and over-speed conditions can lead to thermal stress, mechanical degradation, increased current draw, and premature motor failure. This study proposes a microcontroller-based monitoring and protection system designed to detect abnormal speed conditions in three-phase induction motors. A Hall effect sensor is utilized to measure the instantaneous rotational speed, while programmable speed limits are input through a keypad interface. The system automatically disconnects the motor supply once the detected speed exceeds the predefined threshold. The experimental results reveal that the system successfully identifies under-speed (e.g. 1391 rpm) and over-speed (e.g. 1509 rpm) conditions from predetermined set points (e.g., 1400 rpm and 1500 rpm), and automatically disconnect the motor with a fast response (2 seconds), confirming the effectiveness of the protection algorithm. This work contributes to low-cost and scalable protection solutions suitable for industrial motor applications, particularly for implementations requiring autonomous speed protection without high-end control equipment.
subject: Article
  topic: section
creator: Syahrizal Syahrizal
creator: Hendri Novia Syamsir
creator: Arif Gunawan
creator: Muzni Sahar
creator: Nabila Aulia Ramadhani
creator: Muhammad Yusuf Hasibuan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Syahrizal Syahrizal, Hendri Novia Syamsir, Muzni Sahar, Nabila Aulia Ramadhani, Muhammad Yusuf Hasibuan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 184
ending page: 191
doi: 10.35143/elementer.v11i2.6808

Energy Resilience in Remote Areas: A Techno-Economic Study of Off-Grid Solar Power Systems under Highland Microclimate Conditions
type: item
description: In Indonesia's poor, frontier, and remote areas, access to power is still hampered by a lack of network infrastructure and high transportation costs for fossil fuel supply. The techno-economic viability of an off-grid solar power system without a generator set in the vicinity of Nduga Regency is examined in this paper. HOMER Pro software was used for modeling. Local solar radiation potential, daily electricity consumption profiles, battery characteristics, and estimates about maintenance and investment costs were among the input data. The research concentrated on dependability metrics like Loss of Load Probability (LOLP) and indicators like Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE), Net Present Cost (NPC), and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) in order to identify the best battery SPP configuration. According to simulation studies, solar systems with battery-based energy storage are both economically competitive during the project time and can supply off-grid populations with dependable electricity. However, this design necessitates a substantial initial expenditure due to logistical and topographical challenges. Using off-grid solar power plants without generators is a promising way to increase electrification, improve energy security, and lessen reliance on fuel supply chains, according to the research.
subject: Article
  topic: section
creator: Misbahul Munir Misbahul Munir
creator: Moch. Septian Dwi Rohmat Ari Wibowo Moch. Septian Dwi Rohmat Ari Wibowo
creator: Moh. Anton Rahmawijaya Moh. Anton Rahmawijaya
creator: Muhammad Alfarid Zidan Muhammad Alfarid Zidan
creator: Noval Isa Mahendra Noval Isa Mahendra
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Misbahul Munir, Moch. Septian Dwi Rohmat Ari Wibowo, Moh. Anton Rahmawijaya, Muhammad Alfarid Zidan, Noval Isa Mahendra (Author) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 142
ending page: 151
doi: 10.35143/elementer.v11i2.6806

Pengembangan Desain Heavy-Duty Conveyor untuk Pengangkutan Pasir Resin Furan ke Mesin Penghancur dengan Pendekatan Metode Ulrich
type: item
description: Effective machinery and supporting systems significantly influence production capacity, precision, and workflow continuity. In several companies, the lifting of hardened furan sand is still performed using forklifts, leading to delays and reduced efficiency, particularly during night shifts. This condition highlights the need for a more reliable material handling system. This study aims to design a conveyor system capable of transporting hardened sand to the sand crusher machine as an alternative to forklift-based handling. The conveyor is designed to match the height and spatial constraints of the existing sand crusher and can be operated without forklift assistance. The design process includes problem identification, product requirement definition, concept development, and concept evaluation. The results indicate that the second design concept provides the best performance, with a maximum stress of 60.729 MPa, supported by six structural frames, and a total manufacturing cost of Rp 37,923,000. The proposed conveyor system offers a more efficient and practical solution for material handling in sand-processing operations. Keywords: Manufacturing industry, production efficiency, conveyor system, sand crusher
subject: Article
  topic: section
creator: Bimmanda Muhammad Riska
creator: Dhika Aditya Purnomo
creator: Fipka Bisono
creator: Rizal Indrawan
creator: Tri Andi Setiawan
creator: Ridhani Anit Fajardini
creator: Widya Emilia Primaningtyas
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Bimmanda Muhammad Riska, Dhika Aditya Purnomo, Fipka Bisono, Rizal Indrawan, Tri Andi Setiawan, Ridhani Anit Fajardini, Widya Emilia Primaningtyas (Author) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 122
ending page: 132
doi: 10.35143/elementer.v11i2.6805

A Design and Implementation of an IoT-Based Heavy Equipment Engine Overheating Prevention System Using LoRa Communication for Remote Monitoring and Cooling Control
type: item
description: Bulldozer engines are highly susceptible to overheating during intensive operations, which can lead to severe mechanical damage and costly downtime. This study proposes an Internet of Things (IoT)-based overheat detection and automated cooling system to improve preventive maintenance in heavy machinery. The system utilizes a LilyGo-T Beam (ESP32) microcontroller integrated with a calibrated NTC thermistor sensor and LoRa communication operating at 923 MHz for long-range and low-power data transmission. Temperature data are displayed locally and transmitted to the Blynk IoT platform for real-time remote monitoring and notification when critical thresholds are exceeded. The developed prototype consists of a transmitter–receiver unit and an automated response mechanism that triggers both an alarm and a water-sprayer cooling system. Experimental validation included sensor calibration, thermal response testing, LoRa communication range assessment, and evaluation of cooling performance under various operating conditions. The results demonstrate accurate temperature measurement and reliable data transmission up to 950 meters. The automated water sprayer successfully reduced engine temperature from 80°C to 78.99°C, with an average recovery time of 12 minutes and 28 seconds. Cooling efficiency improved from 16.49% to 22.18%, indicating enhanced heat dissipation capability Overall, the proposed system offers a cost-effective, reliable, and scalable solution for preventing engine overheating in heavy equipment. By integrating IoT-based monitoring with automated cooling, this approach enhances operational performance, minimizes downtime, and extends engine lifespan.
subject: Article
  topic: section
creator: Moh Sholeh
creator: Yunita Umniyati
creator: Dena Hendriana
creator: Henry Nasution
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Moh Sholeh (Author); Yunita Umniyati, Dena Hendriana, Henry Nasution http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 75
ending page: 88
doi: 10.35143/elementer.v12i1.6803

Analisis Kinerja Motor Circulating Water Pump Unit 6 PT. PLN Indonesia Power UBP Suralaya Menggunakan Pendekatan Deskriptif Kuantitatif Berbasis Standar IEEE dan IEC
type: item
description: This study aims to evaluate the performance of the Circulating Water Pump (CWP) Unit 6 motors at PLTU Suralaya using a quantitative descriptive approach based on operational data from the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system and the Distributed Control System (DCS). The assessment covers key electrical and mechanical parameters by referring to international standards, namely IEEE Std 112-2017 and IEC 60034-14. Data were collected during 24 hours of stable operation, resulting in 288 measurement points. The findings indicate that the CWP 6A and CWP 6B motors operated within safe limits, as shown by current values of 190 A and 192 A, stator temperatures ranging from 74–79 °C, and vibration levels below 0.1 mm/s, which are significantly lower than the allowable limit of 4.5 mm/s. These results confirm that both motors are in stable and efficient operating condition. Furthermore, the integration of SCADA–DCS proves to be effective in supporting predictive maintenance for high-voltage motor systems.
subject: Article
  topic: section
creator: FIANA FIANA
creator: Didik Aribowo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 FIANA FIANA; Didik Aribowo (Author) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 112
ending page: 121
doi: 10.35143/elementer.v11i2.6798

Design and Implementation of a LoRa Repeater Based on the Ebyte E220-400T22D Module to Extend Communication Range
type: item
description: The limited availability of cellular networks in remote areas such as mountain trails and highland regions requires the development of a reliable, low-power, and easily deployable communication system. This study presents the design and implementation of a LoRa repeater based on the Ebyte E220-400T22D module to extend data communication coverage under both line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight conditions. The system utilizes an ESP32 microcontroller that controls two LoRa transceiver modules through a store-and-forward mechanism to retransmit data automatically. Experimental results show that the proposed repeater system effectively increases the communication range under various terrain conditions while maintaining signal stability and transmission reliability. The delay observed in data transmission remains within an acceptable range, confirming that the repeater operates efficiently without significantly affecting system performance. Overall, this work demonstrates that the Ebyte E220-400T22D-based LoRa repeater provides a practical and energy-efficient solution for long-range wireless communication in areas with limited telecommunication infrastructure.
subject: Article
  topic: section
creator: Chandrasena Setiadi
creator: Isa Mahfudi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Chandrasena Setiadi, Isa Mahfudi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 133
ending page: 141
doi: 10.35143/elementer.v11i2.6789

A LoRa-Based Location Tracking System for Hikers Using an Offline Android Application
type: item
description: Mountain hiking activities in Indonesia continue to grow, yet limited cellular network coverage in mountainous areas remains a major challenge for communication and hiker safety monitoring. This study aims to design and implement a LoRa-based hiker location tracking system integrated with an Android application operating without an internet connection. The system consists of ESP32-based nodes integrated with GPS SIM808 and LoRa Ebyte E220-900T22D modules for transmitting positional data between devices. The coordinates are exchanged via a peer-to-peer (P2P) LoRa network and displayed in real-time on an Android application using offline OpenStreetMap. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach through stages of system design, implementation, and functional testing in open-field conditions. Experimental results show that the system achieved an average GPS accuracy deviation of 6–7 meters, LoRa communication range of up to 500 meters (LOS) and 350 meters (NLOS), and an average Bluetooth communication delay of 990 ms. The findings demonstrate that the proposed system can effectively display inter-hiker positions in near real-time without internet connectivity, enhancing safety and coordination among hikers in signal-limited environments.
subject: Article
  topic: section
creator: isa mahfudi
creator: Delila Lukisani Tungga Dewi
creator: Hadiwiyatno
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 isa mahfudi, Delila Lukisani Tungga Dewi, Hadiwiyatno (Author) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 165
ending page: 175
doi: 10.35143/elementer.v11i2.6784

EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF BLADE VARIATIONS OF 2, 4, AND 6 L-TYPE SAVONIUS WIND TURBINES ON ROTATIONAL SPEED AND TORQUE AT LOW WIND SPEEDS
type: item
description: The utilization of wind energy through vertical axis turbines such as Savonius Type-L is a promising solution for small-scale renewable energy, but the understanding of the effect of blade number variation on its performance is still limited. This study aims to experimentally analyze the performance of the L-type Savonius wind turbine by varying the number of blades (2, 4, and 6) in the wind speed range of 6, 7, and 8 m/s. Tests were conducted using a wind tunnel to measure key parameters such as rotational speed and torque under controlled conditions. The results showed a strong positive correlation, where an increase in wind speed consistently increased the rotational speed and torque across all blade configurations. Specifically, the 4-blade configuration showed the most superior performance, achieving the highest rotational speed and torque compared to other configurations at a wind speed of 8 m/s. This finding confirms that wind speed is a determinant factor in turbine performance and indicates that the 4-blade configuration is the optimal choice to maximize power extraction under the test conditions conducted. Keywords: Savonius, Turbine blade, Torque, Rotational Speed.
subject: Article
  topic: section
creator: Shultoni Mahardika
creator: Ridhani Anita Fajardini
creator: Rahmat Basya Shahrys Tsany
creator: Rizal Indrawan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Shultoni Mahardika, Ridhani Anita Fajardini, Rahmat Basya Shahrys Tsany, Rizal Indrawan (Author) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 98
ending page: 104
doi: 10.35143/elementer.v11i2.6776

Optimizing Ignition Timing for Gasoline Engines: A Study on Performance and Emissions
type: item
description: Multiple factors affect the performance of spark ignition (SI) engines, with ignition time being a crucial element. Accurate ignition timing is essential for optimizing engine performance and regulating exhaust emissions. This study examines the performance, fuel efficiency, and exhaust emissions of a 125cc engine by evaluating ignition timing variations at 550, 600, and 650 CA BTDC. The study involved direct evaluation of engine performance with a dynamometer test for torque and power, assessment of fuel consumption using a measuring cup, and investigation of exhaust emissions using a gas analyzer. The precise calibration of ignition timing discrepancies was accomplished via a motorbike diagnostic tool. The findings demonstrate that a 600 CA BTDC ignition timing variation produces excellent engine performance and efficient exhaust emissions. Optimal ignition timing profoundly influences engine performance and emission quality, rendering it essential for enhancing efficiency and mitigating environmental effects. Consequently, the results of this study may serve as a reference for practical applications in the field. Keywords: ignition timing, engine performance, emission, fuel consumption.
subject: Article
  topic: section
creator: Hamid Ramadhan Nur
creator: Rouf Muhammad
creator: Sugiyarto
creator: Rizki Dwi Ardika
creator: Sefrian Rizki Bintoro
creator: Muhamad Safi'i
creator: Irfan Isdhianto
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Hamid Ramadhan Nur, Rouf Muhammad, Sugiyarto, Rizki Dwi Ardika, Sefrian Rizki Bintoro, Muhamad Safi'i, Irfan Isdhianto (Author) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 105
ending page: 111
doi: 10.35143/elementer.v11i2.6761

Alat Pendeteksi Kematangan Buah Jeruk Berastagi dan Wokan Berdasarkan Tingkat Keasamaan Buah Menggunakan Sensor Spektral AS7263 dan Mikrokontroler ESP 32
type: item
description: Penentuan tingkat kematangan buah jeruk secara akurat sangat penting untuk menjamin kualitas dan rasa. Metode manual yang mengandalkan pengamatan visual sering kali kurang akurat dan berisiko merusak buah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan mengembangkan alat yang dapat mendeteksi kematangan buah jeruk dari Berastagi dan Wokan tanpa merusaknya, dengan berfokus pada tingkat keasaman buah menggunakan sensor spektral AS7263 dan mikrokontroler ESP32. Sistem ini berfungsi dengan menganalisis pola refleksi cahaya Near-Infrared (NIR) pada panjang gelombang tertentu yang berhubungan dengan keasaman buah sebagai indikator kematangan. Pengujian dilakukan pada jarak 0, 1, dan 2 cm, dengan hasil terbaik diperoleh pada jarak 1 cm dan kanal R, karena menunjukkan nilai reflektansi yang stabil, signifikan, dan tidak tumpang tindih antara kategori asam dan manis. Data ambang batas ditentukan melalui pengujian awal yang terlebih dahulu dicoba oleh sepuluh orang responden kemudian diukur, data tersebut selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan grafik box plot untuk menetapkan ambang batas klasifikasi. Setelah itu, hasil klasifikasi diuji menggunakan confusion matrix untuk membandingkan akurasi sistem dengan validasi manual. Pada pengujian terhadap jeruk Berastagi, alat menunjukkan hasil yang sangat bagus dengan nilai akurasi, spesifisitas, PPV, dan NPV masing-masing mencapai 100%. tanpa ada perbedaan antara hasil klasifikasi alat dan penilaian responden. Sementara itu, pada jeruk Wokan, akurasi sebesar 86,7%, spesifisitas 87,5%, PPV 95%, dan NPV 70% dari data tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa sistem mampu membedakan rasa manis dan asam dengan tingkat presisi yang baik. Dengan demikian, alat ini berpotensi menjadi solusi praktis, efisien, dan akurat dalam membantu proses seleksi buah jeruk matang secara otomatis tanpa merusak sampel.
subject: Article
  topic: section
creator: Widya Veronika Sianturi
creator: Mochamad susantok
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Widya Veronika Sianturi; Mochamad susantok (Author) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 12
doi: 10.35143/elementer.v12i1.6731

Pengukuran Sinyal dari Sensor Accelerometer dan Gyroscope untuk Menentukan Gerak Jatuh pada Lansia Menggunakan Metode Ambang Batas (Threshold)
type: item
description: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan perangkat wearable pendeteksi jatuh bagi lansia menggunakan metode ambang batas (threshold). Risiko jatuh pada lansia merupakan masalah serius karena dapat menyebabkan cedera berat hingga kematian, terutama jika bantuan tidak segera diberikan. Sebagai kelompok rentan, lansia memerlukan solusi teknologi yang mampu mendeteksi kejadian jatuh secara cepat dan akurat untuk meningkatkan keselamatan mereka. Sistem ini memanfaatkan sensor accelerometer, gyroscope, dan microphone berbasis Arduino untuk mendeteksi gerakan jatuh melalui pengukuran percepatan dan tekanan. Perangkat ini dirancang dengan pendekatan ergonomis dan konsumsi daya rendah serta dilengkapi modul GSM yang secara otomatis mengirimkan notifikasi ke ponsel keluarga ketika kejadian jatuh terdeteksi. Pengujian dilakukan pada lansia dengan berbagai skenario gerakan, mencakup aktivitas jatuh dan normal. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan tingkat akurasi sebesar 92,85%, sensitivitas 91%, dan spesifisitas 97,5%, yang menegaskan kemampuan perangkat dalam membedakan gerakan jatuh dari aktivitas biasa. Dengan desain yang sederhana, efisien, dan andal, perangkat ini diharapkan menjadi solusi inovatif untuk meningkatkan keselamatan lansia dan memudahkan keluarga dalam memantau risiko jatuh secara real-time.
subject: Article
  topic: section
creator: Yogi Kristian Hutagalung
creator: Iman Fahruzi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Yogi Yogi Kristian Hutagalung (Author); Iman Fahruzi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 77
ending page: 86
doi: 10.35143/elementer.v11i2.6695

Implementasi LoRa sebagai Media Komunikasi Data Tinggi Air pada Lahan Gambut
type: item
description: Peatland Forest Fires pose a serious threat, particularly in Riau, which has 3.89 million hectares of peatland and is highly vulnerable during the dry season. These fires are difficult to control because the flames can spread beneath the dry surface of the soil. One preventive measure is real-time monitoring of the water table to maintain soil moisture. Long Range (LoRa) technology, with its long-range communication and low power consumption, is more effective than cellular-based IoT systems, which are limited in remote areas. This study developed a seven-hop LoRa multi-hop system to transmit data from remote areas to a cellular network via river routes without the need for expensive infrastructure. The solution is more efficient, offering a cost reduction of up to 96%-99% compared to other methods. The system will be applied at PT Rimba Mandau Lestari, Siak Regency, Riau, to replace the less effective manual monitoring approach. Testing results showed that the use of a Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) improved signal quality, achieving an average RSSI of -97.6 dBm and a Delivery Success Rate of 100%, with a delay of up to 12.36 seconds.
subject: Article
  topic: section
creator: Noptin Harpawi
creator: Yuli Triyani
creator: Made Rahmawaty
creator: Muhammad Rizki Saputra
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Noptin Harpawi, Yuli Triyani, Made Rahmawaty, Muhammad Rizki Saputra http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 87
ending page: 97
doi: 10.35143/elementer.v11i2.6654

Experimental Study of Performance and Emissions of a 4-Stroke Engine with a Capacity of 110cc
type: item
description: In addition to adding ferrite beads to the ignition coil, this study attempts to examine the effects of different spark plugs and ignition coils. Ferrite beads are employed to mitigate electrical noise and enhance electrical efficiency. This research facilitates the examination of engine performance and exhaust emissions, thereby offering insight into the combustion process within the combustion chamber. This study used a 4-stroke Otto engine with a displacement of 110 cc, powered by RON 92 gasoline. We utilize three types of spark plugs: Denso U22FS-U, NGK 14 mm, and Iridium IU27. Two varieties of ignition coils are employed: PCX 150 and COL9001, supplemented by ferrite beads. Dynotes are utilized to assess engine performance, while gas analyzers are employed to evaluate exhaust pollutants. The criteria examined for engine performance include torque and power, while exhaust emission parameters consist of CO, CO2, O2, and HC. The findings indicate that the NGK 14-mm spark plug, when paired with a COL9001 ignition coil and supplemented with a ferrite bead, achieves a peak torque of 7.67 Nm at 6514.42 rpm and a maximum power output of 5.73 kW at 72813.93 rpm. This setup yields minimal emissions and favorable fuel consumption when it is implemented. This study's findings offer significant insights and references for tactics including spark plugs, ignition coils, and ferrite beads.
subject: Article
  topic: section
creator: Rouf Muhammad
creator: Wibi Pramanda
creator: Arif Widyantoro
creator: Yuliarto Joko Sumbogo
creator: Hutomo Jiwo Satrio
creator: Muhamad Safi'i
creator: Hamid Ramadhan Nur
creator: Andi Ibrahim Soumi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Rouf Muhammad, Wibi Pramanda, Arif Widyantoro, Yuliarto Joko Sumbogo, Hutomo Jiwo Satrio, Muhamad Safi'i, Hamid Ramadhan Nur, Andi Ibrahim Soumi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-05-31
publication date: 2025-05-31
starting page: 51
ending page: 59
doi: 10.35143/elementer.v11i1.6643

Cataract Disease Detection in Human Eye Image Using ResNet-50 Method
type: item
description: Cataract is a leading cause of blindness that requires quick and accurate diagnosis to prevent further deterioration in vision quality. However, conventional examination methods often require a long time and specialized expertise, making them difficult to access widely. Along with technological developments, digital image processing offers a solution to detect cataracts more efficiently. This research aims to develop an image processing-based cataract identification system using a deep learning approach through the ResNet-50 architecture for pattern recognition in eye images. The research process includes image matrix transformation and file compression to improve data processing efficiency. Eye image datasets are used as training and testing data in the classification process using first-order parameters and 100 epochs. Test results showed the system was able to identify cataracts with an accuracy of 95.7% and the best computation time of 1.888 seconds, using 400 training data and 381 validation data. The resulting software simulation can be a digital image-based cataract early diagnosis tool, which is expected to support medical personnel in providing faster treatment and expanding access to eye health services.
subject: Article
  topic: section
creator: Rifki Fajar Nugraha
creator: Reni Rahmadewi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Rifki Fajar Nugraha, Reni Rahmadewi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-05-31
publication date: 2025-05-31
starting page: 67
ending page: 76
doi: 10.35143/elementer.v11i1.6632

Analysis of the Effectiveness of Fluidized Bed Dryer in Black Tea Processing Using the OEE Approach
type: item
description: This study evaluated the operational effectiveness of the Fluidized Bed Dryer (FBD) machine in the traditional black tea drying process using the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) framework, which includes availability, performance efficiency, and quality rate, as defined in ISO 22400-2:2014. Data collected from January to June 2023 indicated an average OEE of 83.66%. Although availability was consistently high (94–100%) and product quality maintained at 100% throughout the month, performance efficiency varied considerably, dropping to 69% in January and 66% in April, primarily due to operational delays and unstable machine utilization. These results indicate that performance efficiency was the main factor affecting OEE and total productivity. It recommends implementing condition-based maintenance procedures and real-time process monitoring systems to minimize unexpected downtime and enhance operational stability. Better regulation of input load, airflow, and drying temperature was crucial to ensure consistent performance and support product standardization in accordance with SNI 2891:2016, ultimately enhancing the competitiveness of the black tea processing industry.
subject: Article
  topic: section
creator: Hadi Prayitno
creator: Moses Firmando
creator: Achmad Yahya Teguh Panuju
creator: Rahayu Lestari
creator: Tety Rachmawati
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Hadi Prayitno, Moses, Yahya, Rahayu, Tety http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-05-31
publication date: 2025-05-31
starting page: 25
ending page: 32
doi: 10.35143/elementer.v11i1.6624

Analisis Frekuensi Domain Pada Sinyal EEG Terhadap Stimulus Gambar Kemasan Produk: Studi Neuromarketing dalam Kemasan Produk
type: item
description: Product packaging not only serves as protection but also functions as a strategic visual element that shapes consumer perception at the point of sale. With the advancement of neuroscience-based marketing, neuromarketing has emerged as a promising approach to investigate brain responses to visual stimuli. This study aims to analyze alpha wave activity in response to product packaging images categorized as attractive and unattractive. A total of 25 participants were involved, with visual stimuli selected based on a prior survey of 60 respondents. Brain activity was recorded using EEG from channels O1 and O2 and analyzed using the Power Spectral Density (PSD) method. The results indicate that attractive packaging elicited higher alpha wave activity compared to unattractive packaging and baseline, suggesting increased visual attention. Furthermore, PSD features were classified using three machine learning algorithms: Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, and K-Nearest Neighbors. Among them, Random Forest achieved the highest test accuracy at 78%. This study contributes to the objective evaluation of product packaging design through brain signal analysis and supports the development of data-driven marketing strategies.
subject: Article
  topic: section
creator: Jauzaa Maylia Suhendro
creator: Ni Wayan Nanik Suaryani Taro Putri
creator: Felysia Endria
creator: Gede Renanda Putra Prasetya
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Jauzaa Maylia Suhendro, Ni Wayan Nanik Suaryani Taro Putri, Felysia Endria, Gede Renanda Putra Prasetya http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-05-31
publication date: 2025-05-31
starting page: 43
ending page: 50
doi: 10.35143/elementer.v11i1.6590

Rancang Bangun Penerjemah BISINDO Real-time Berbasis Kamera dan Deep Learning dengan Kendali Suara ESP32 WiFi
type: item
description: Indonesian Sign Language (BISINDO) serves as the primary means of communication for the deaf community. However, limited public understanding and the lack of practical real-time translation technology remain significant barriers to effective two-way communication. Most prior research has focused on foreign sign languages or relied on sensor-based gloves, which are less flexible for everyday use. This study proposes a real-time BISINDO translation system that converts hand gestures into speech using a camera and an ESP32 microcontroller. The system employs a CNN-LSTM deep learning model implemented in Python to classify gestures representing letters A to J, then wirelessly transmits the classification results to the ESP32, which triggers the corresponding audio output. A custom gesture dataset was collected and enhanced through preprocessing and data augmentation to support model training. Evaluation results demonstrate a classification accuracy of 91.4%, with a precision of 89.7%, recall of 90.5%, and F1-score of 89.9%. The average communication latency was recorded at 3.1 seconds, and the speech output success rate reached 86.7%. The system has proven reliable for real-time automatic gesture-to-speech translation and holds potential for further development as an inclusive communication aid for individuals with hearing impairments in Indonesia. This study serves as an initial foundation for future advancements in assistive communication technologies.
subject: Article
  topic: section
creator: I Gusti Agung Made Yoga Mahaputra
creator: Putri Alit Widyastuti Santiary
creator: I Ketut Swardika
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 I Gusti Agung Made Yoga Mahaputra, Putri Alit Widyastuti Santiary, I Ketut Swardika http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-05-31
publication date: 2025-05-31
starting page: 33
ending page: 42
doi: 10.35143/elementer.v11i1.6578

Rancang Bangun Purwarupa Plant Traffic Light Berdasarkan Kecepatan Pada Model Kendaraan Roda Empat Menggunakan Sistem Algoritma Logika Fuzzy
type: item
description: Generally, traffic light control systems in Indonesia only regulate based on fixed time. This becomes a problem when there is a buildup of vehicles on one side. From the results of field observations, one of the causes of this buildup is due to the setting of the lights that do not adjust the speed of the vehicle which is connected to the determination of the duration of the green light. In this study, a prototype system of plant traffic light control was created using a fuzzy logic system applied to the ATmega32 microcontroller. By comparing the speed of the car on each side, data was obtained from the algorithm that can be used to regulate the time of the traffic lights in each direction. The prototype that was created functions adaptively. From the results of this study using the prototype, it was found that by regulating the duration of the green light in the traffic light system, a success rate of 99.97% was obtained. Where if the vehicle speed is high, the green light duration value becomes fast and vice versa.
subject: Article
  topic: section
creator: Oktavianus Ardhian Nugroho
creator: Regina Chelinia Erianda Putri
creator: Ignasius Tegar Adiyanto
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Oktavianus Ardhian Nugroho, Regina Chelinia Erianda Putri, Ignasius Tegar Adiyanto http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
date: 2025-05-31
publication date: 2025-05-31
starting page: 10
ending page: 18
doi: 10.35143/elementer.v11i1.6555